Which Of These Human Diseases Is Caused By An Apicomplexan Protozoan?

The Apicomplexa is a phylum encompassing a wide range of obligate intracellular parasites, each with its own set of diseases and effects on humans and other organisms. Notable members of this phylum include Plasmodium spp., which is responsible for causing malaria, a widespread and deadly disease affecting millions worldwide. Another significant member is Toxoplasma gondii, which, along with Cryptosporidium parvum, are opportunistic pathogens primarily affecting individuals with compromised immune systems. Additionally, Eimeria spp. is a member of this phylum that plays a role in various parasitic infections. These diverse protozoans have distinct pathogenic capabilities and contribute to a variety of health issues in both humans and animals.

The term “apicomplexan parasites” encompasses a diverse group of microorganisms that can infect both animals and humans. Among these parasites, notable examples include Toxoplasma and Plasmodium, which are responsible for causing diseases like toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. Additionally, there are several other genera within this group that are important in various contexts. These include Eimeria, Isospora, Cyclospora, Babesia, Cryptosporidium, Theileria, and Sarcocystis, each with its unique characteristics and associated diseases. Unlike many other protozoa, apicomplexan parasites do not rely on flagella or cilia for movement, instead utilizing a specialized structure called the apical complex to facilitate their penetration into host cells. Understanding the diversity and biology of these parasites is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat the diseases they cause in both animals and humans.

Malaria is a prevalent infectious disease that primarily affects humans and certain other animals. It is transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The causative agents of this disease belong to the apicomplexan group, specifically within the genus Plasmodium. As of March 9, 2023, malaria continues to be a significant global health concern.